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Table 1 Individual and familial factors, and oral health status of study participants (n = 1472)

From: Individual and familial factors associated with caries and gingivitis among adolescents resident in a semi-urban community in South-Western Nigeria

Variables Total
N (%)
Individual factors
Male 846 (57.5)
Female 626 (42.5)
Perception of oral health: mean (SD) 19.04 (8.58)
Individual factors: oral health behaviors
Tooth-brushing
 Once a day or less 1338 (91.3)
 2 times a day or more 128 (8.7)
Use of fluoridated toothpaste
 Always 1343 (91.7)
 Not always 121 (8.3)
Consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals
 Frequent 900 (63.9)
 Non-frequent 508 (36.1)
Use of dental floss
 Daily 192 (16.1)
 Not daily 1002 (83.9)
Utilized dental services in the last 12 months
 Yes 14 (1.1)
 No 1266 (98.9)
Cigarette smoker
 Current 22 (1.6)
 Former 8 (0.6)
 Non-smoker 1365 (97.8)
Familial factors
Birth rank
 First/only child 570 (38.7)
 Second or more child 902 (61.3)
Family size
 6 or less 1184 (80.4)
 More than 6 288 (19.6)
Living arrangement
 Living with both parents 1199 (81.5)
 Not living with both parents 273 (18.5)
Socio-economic status
 High 490 (33.3)
 Middle 509 (34.6)
 Low 473 (32.1)
Oral health status
Prevalence of caries in permanent teeth 50 (3.4)
Mean DMFT (SD) 0.06 (0.36)
Mean plaque index (SD) 0.84 (0.56)
Normal gingival condition 505 (34.3)
Mild gingival inflammation 841 (57.2)
Moderate gingival inflammation 115 (7.8)
Severe gingival inflammation 10 (0.7)
  1. DMFT decay, missing, filled teeth, SD standard deviation
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