Table 3 Values for sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BWR), laser fluorescence measurement (LF), near-infrared transillumination (NIRT) and alternating current impedance spectroscopy (ACIS) with and without visual examination (VE) are calculated at three diagnostic thresholds
From: Comparison of novel and established caries diagnostic methods: a clinical study on occlusal surfaces
| Method | SE | SP | AUROC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caries detection | |||
| VE | 0.94 (0.88–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) |
| BWR | 0.44 (0.31–0.58) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.72 (0.62–0.82) |
| NIRT | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.27 (0.14–0.40) | 0.64 (0.52–0.75) |
| LF | 0.77 (0.65–0.88) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.89 (0.81–0.96) |
| ACIS | 0.75 (0.63–0.87) | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.86 (0.79–0.94) |
| VE/BWR | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| VE/NIRT | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.27 (0.14–0.40) | 0.64 (0.52–0.75) |
| VE/LF | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) |
| VE/ACIS | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) |
| Enamel caries detection | |||
| VE | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.61 (0.50–0.72) | 0.81 (0.72–0.89) |
| BWR | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.50 (0.35–0.65) |
| NIRT | 0.21 (0.03–0.39) | 0.65 (0.54–0.76) | 0.43 (0.29–0.57) |
| LF | 0.11 (− 0.03 to 0.24) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.53 (0.38–0.68) |
| ACIS | 0.37 (0.15–0.59) | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.63 (0.47–0.78) |
| VE/BWR | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.87 (0.80–0.95) | 0.94 (0.89–0.98) |
| VE/NIRT | 0.21 (0.03–0.39) | 0.65 (0.54–0.76) | 0.43 (0.29–0.57) |
| VE/LF | 0.53 (0.30–0.75) | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.72 (0.58–0.87) |
| VE/ACIS | 0.84 (0.68–1.01) | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) |
| Dentin caries detection | |||
| VE | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.50 (0.38–0.62) |
| BWR | 0.70 (0.54–0.85) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) |
| NIRT | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.67 (0.55–0.78) | 0.82 (0.73–0.90) |
| LF | 0.76 (0.61–0.90) | 0.86 (0.77–0.94) | 0.81 (0.71–0.91) |
| ACIS | 0.64 (0.47–0.80) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) |
| VE/BWR | 0.70 (0.54–0.85) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) |
| VE/NIRT | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.67 (0.55–0.78) | 0.82 (0.73–0.90) |
| VE/LF | 0.76 (0.61–0.90) | 0.86 (0.77–0.94) | 0.81 (0.71–0.91) |
| VE/ACIS | 0.64 (0.47–0.80) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) |